« The first conflict Zaire 1996-1997. Since 1998, the conflict has claimed more than 3 million victims. Seven African countries are involved in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Zimbabwe, Angola and Namibia on one side, Rwanda, Uganda and Burundi on the other. 1998-2003: seven countries at war on the soil of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). With the outbreak of the second conflict in the former Zaire, Kivu is again the start of hostilities in a conflict of extreme complexity characterized by the fragmentation of rebel groups concentrated in the eastern DRC ( Congolese, Rwandan, Ugandan, Burundian) allies or rivals based on their ethnicity and interests of the moment, by the opening match of the African countries allied to Kabila, by alliances and mesalliances between belligerents on all sides (Congolese and foreign ) and economic issues for the DRC and its neighbors. In July 1998, Kabila dismisses its original Tutsi ministers and decreed the expulsion »
With the outbreak of the second conflict in the former Zaire, Kivu is again the start of hostilities in a conflict of extreme complexity characterized by the fragmentation of rebel groups concentrated in the eastern DRC ( Congolese, Rwandan, Ugandan, Burundian) allies or rivals based on their ethnicity and interests of the moment, by the opening match of the African countries allied to Kabila, by alliances and mesalliances between belligerents on all sides (Congolese and foreign ) and economic issues for the DRC and its neighbors.
In July 1998, Kabila dismisses its original Tutsi ministers and decreed the expulsion of Rwandan troops in the DRC since 1997.
The alliance with his former brothers in arms then breaks definitively.
On August 2, 1998, a new rebel Banyamulenge soldiers, disappointed the new regime broke out in Kivu, this time against Kabila they had drawn him to power in May 1997. The Contenders: Since August 1998, fierce fighting place not only in the province of Kivu, but extend from northeast to southeast and within the DRC.The rebels duRassemblement Congolese Democracy (RCD) took Kisangani, the third largest city, but fail in their attempt to enter Kinshasa.Les belligerent positions then freeze, causing early partition of the country: North and South -Kivu, parts of Maniema, Katanga and Orientale province fall under the iron rule military, political and administrative RCD supported by Rwanda and Uganda;west of the country remains under the control of the government of Kabila militarily backed by its allies.
After creating a new rebellion in Equator province, the Movement for the Liberation of Congo (MLC), supported by Uganda and the RCD split into two factions, the rebels consolidate the partition of payset share the north, eastern and south-eastern DRC, the government control over only the western half.
Despite the start of the peace process marked by the cease-fire signed in July 1999 to Lusakaentre the seven countries involved and the rebel MLC and RCD two, fighting continues and the political-military imbroglio is further complicated with lerenversement alliance between Rwanda and Uganda.The conquest of Kisangani, capital of Oriental Province and important place of the diamond trade, becomes the symbol and the challenge of their violent clashes on three occasions: August 1999, May-June 2000, June 2002. With the intervention by the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) and bilateral agreements signed between the DRC-Rwanda and DRC-Uganda foreign troops officially withdrew the ground Congolese end of 2002, ending the actual regional war .
But do not stop the fighting so far and conflict changes in nature.
Indeed, Rwanda and Uganda, determined to keep hold on the natural resources of the DRC under cover secure their borders against the rebels (among them, Hutu armed groups) from DRC continue to s' faced by Congolese militias interposed they arm themselves according to their interests and they stir up dissension interethniques.Le conflict therefore refocused around the stormy relationship of the DRC with its neighboring Rwanda and Uganda.The violence persist between rebels backed by Rwanda and Uganda, despite the official end of the conflict, with the same deadly effects for the population, particularly in Ituri and Kivu, and destabilizing for the African Great Lakes.The deaths are attributable not only to acts of war, but also the consequences of the illegal plundering of natural resources: food insecurity due to crop destruction, disease aggravated by the collapse of the health system.Resolution of 30 November 1279 1999décide the previously authorized personnel constitute MONUC (UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo).Resolution 1399 of 19 March 2002condamne renewed fighting in the pocket of Moliro and reminds the RCD-Goma and all other parties that they must fulfill their obligations under the cease-fire , the disengagement plan and Security Council resolutions.Resolution 1493 of 28 July 2003 authorizes increasing the military strength of MONUC to 10,800 military and entrusted a new mandate authorizing it to use force in Ituri and the Kivus to protect civilians and to ensure humanitarian corridor for humanitarian agencies.She decided an embargo on providing arms or any materials or assistance to armed groups operating in North and South Kivu and Ituri.
Resolution 1596 of 18 April 2005 del'ONU extends the arms embargo to the whole of the DRC in general.
In July 1998, Kabila dismisses its original Tutsi ministers and decreed the expulsion of Rwandan troops in the DRC since 1997.
The alliance with his former brothers in arms then breaks definitively.
On August 2, 1998, a new rebel Banyamulenge soldiers, disappointed the new regime broke out in Kivu, this time against Kabila they had drawn him to power in May 1997. The Contenders: Since August 1998, fierce fighting place not only in the province of Kivu, but extend from northeast to southeast and within the DRC.The rebels duRassemblement Congolese Democracy (RCD) took Kisangani, the third largest city, but fail in their attempt to enter Kinshasa.Les belligerent positions then freeze, causing early partition of the country: North and South -Kivu, parts of Maniema, Katanga and Orientale province fall under the iron rule military, political and administrative RCD supported by Rwanda and Uganda;west of the country remains under the control of the government of Kabila militarily backed by its allies.
After creating a new rebellion in Equator province, the Movement for the Liberation of Congo (MLC), supported by Uganda and the RCD split into two factions, the rebels consolidate the partition of payset share the north, eastern and south-eastern DRC, the government control over only the western half.
Despite the start of the peace process marked by the cease-fire signed in July 1999 to Lusakaentre the seven countries involved and the rebel MLC and RCD two, fighting continues and the political-military imbroglio is further complicated with lerenversement alliance between Rwanda and Uganda.The conquest of Kisangani, capital of Oriental Province and important place of the diamond trade, becomes the symbol and the challenge of their violent clashes on three occasions: August 1999, May-June 2000, June 2002. With the intervention by the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) and bilateral agreements signed between the DRC-Rwanda and DRC-Uganda foreign troops officially withdrew the ground Congolese end of 2002, ending the actual regional war .
But do not stop the fighting so far and conflict changes in nature.
Indeed, Rwanda and Uganda, determined to keep hold on the natural resources of the DRC under cover secure their borders against the rebels (among them, Hutu armed groups) from DRC continue to s' faced by Congolese militias interposed they arm themselves according to their interests and they stir up dissension interethniques.Le conflict therefore refocused around the stormy relationship of the DRC with its neighboring Rwanda and Uganda.The violence persist between rebels backed by Rwanda and Uganda, despite the official end of the conflict, with the same deadly effects for the population, particularly in Ituri and Kivu, and destabilizing for the African Great Lakes.The deaths are attributable not only to acts of war, but also the consequences of the illegal plundering of natural resources: food insecurity due to crop destruction, disease aggravated by the collapse of the health system.Resolution of 30 November 1279 1999décide the previously authorized personnel constitute MONUC (UN Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo).Resolution 1399 of 19 March 2002condamne renewed fighting in the pocket of Moliro and reminds the RCD-Goma and all other parties that they must fulfill their obligations under the cease-fire , the disengagement plan and Security Council resolutions.Resolution 1493 of 28 July 2003 authorizes increasing the military strength of MONUC to 10,800 military and entrusted a new mandate authorizing it to use force in Ituri and the Kivus to protect civilians and to ensure humanitarian corridor for humanitarian agencies.She decided an embargo on providing arms or any materials or assistance to armed groups operating in North and South Kivu and Ituri.
Resolution 1596 of 18 April 2005 del'ONU extends the arms embargo to the whole of the DRC in general.
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